tubittum journal

ISSN: 2822-5295

QR Code https://tubittumjournal.com/article/645
Research Article

Entrepreneurship and Rural Tourism: From Resource Constraints to Sustainable Livelihoods

Vol 3, issue 2, 2024

Authors

  • Mostafa Amirzadeh Vajargah
  • Mehdi Farzpourmachiani
  •  Mehrdad Fojlaley
  • Snjezana Baroness Rajacic

Abstract

Abstract

Most entrepreneurship studies have an urban focus and are mainly studied from the perspective of exploiting opportunities. Rural entrepreneurship presents different characteristics and needs to be analyzed from a resource-based perspective, because this type of entrepreneurial behavior occurs in rural communities under resource constraints. The perspective of sustainable livelihoods shows the relevant framework in rural entrepreneurship considering the resources and capacities to face poverty in rural areas. Therefore, this study provides a literature review to identify current and emerging issues in rural entrepreneurship from a sustainable livelihood framework. Literature review shows that the main concepts involved in rural entrepreneurship and women’s sustainable livelihood are poverty alleviation, youth, social entrepreneurship and institutions. Likewise, social capital and human capital are analyzed as the most relevant capitals in the documents. This study offers research opportunities in emerging topics related to social entrepreneurship, governance and institutions, livelihood development and environmental entrepreneurship to expand the boundaries of rural entrepreneurship from a sustainable livelihood framework.

Amirzadeh Vajargah M, Farzpourmachiani M, Fojlaley M, Baroness Rajacic S. Entrepreneurship and Rural Tourism: From Resource Constraints to Sustainable Livelihoods. Tubittum. 2024; 3(2): 531-548.

  • Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
  • BibTeX

References 

  1. Abisuga Oyekunle, Oluwayemisi Adebola, and Mziwoxolo Sirayi. 2018. The role of creative industries as a driver for a sustainable economy: A case of South Africa. Creative Industries Journal11: 225–44. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  2. Addinsall, Cherise, Kevin Glencross, Norah Rihai, Leimon Kalomor, Grahame Palmer, Donald Nichols, and Geoff Smith. 2016. Enhancing agroforestry in Vanuatu: Striking the balance between individual entrepreneurship and community development. Forests Trees and Livelihoods25: 78–96. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  3. Adeyonu, Abigail G., Olubunmi L. Balogun, Ifeoluwapo O. Amao, and Timothy O. Agboola. 2022. Does farmers’ entrepreneurial competencies explain their household poverty status? Evidence from rural areas of Kwara State, Nigeria. Cogent Economics and Finance10: 1–16. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  4. Aggarwal, Shalini, Anurag Pahuja, and Ruchi Sharma. 2019. Samriddhii: A Case of Integrated Social Entrepreneurship in Bihar. International Journal of Indian Culture and Business Management19: 22–36. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  5. Akinbami, C. A. O., J. E. Olawoye, A. Adesina, and V. Nelson. 2019. Exploring potential climate-related entrepreneurship opportunities and challenges for rural Nigerian women. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research9: 1–28. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  6. Amofah, Seth, Lily Agyare, and Triin Roosalu. 2021. Social Entrepreneurship for Sustainable Livelihood Empowerment: Study of an Estonian NGO’s Operations in Ghana. The International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social and Community Studies17: 1–18. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  7. Anand, Anita, and Ojaswi Josse. 2002. Celebrating mountain women: Moving mountains, moving women. Mountain Research and Development22: 233–35. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  8. Andreu, Alberto, and Joaquín Fernández. 2019. Los ODS y sus (posibles) lagunas. El País. Available online: https://elpais.com/elpais/2019/02/08/planeta_futuro/1549628983_409880.html(accessed on 7 April 2022).
  9. Apine, Elina, Lucy M. Turner, Lynda D. Rodwell, and Ramachandra Bhatta. 2019. The application of the sustainable livelihood approach to small scale-fisheries: The case of mud crab Scylla serrata in South west India. Ocean and Coastal Management170: 17–28. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  10. Ashby, Jacqueline, Geoffrey Heinrich, Gaye Burpee, Thomas Remington, Kim Wilson, Carlos Arturo Quiros, Marco Aldana, and Shaun Ferris. 2009. What farmers want: Collective capacity for sustainable entrepreneurship. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability7: 130–46. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  11. Audretsch, David B., Maksim Belitski, Farzana Chowdhury, and Sameeksha Desai. 2022. Necessity or opportunity? Government size, tax policy, corruption, and implications for entrepreneurship. Small Business Economics58: 2025–42. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  12. Baskaran, Shruthi, and Khanjan Mehta. 2016. What is innovation anyway? Youth perspectives from resource-constrained environments. Technovation52–53: 4–17. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  13. Baumgartner, Daniel, Marco Pütz, and Irmi Seidl. 2013. What Kind of Entrepreneurship Drives Regional Development in European Non-core Regions? A Literature Review on Empirical Entrepreneurship Research. European Planning Studies21: 1095–127. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  14. Bawa, Kamaljit S., Gladwin Joseph, and Siddappa Setty. 2007. Poverty, biodiversity and institutions in forest-agriculture ecotones in the Western Ghats and Eastern Himalaya ranges of India. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment121: 287–95. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  15. Bhandari, Vandana. 2017. New directions for social enterprises: The role of design in empowerment. Scope: (Art and Design)15: 24–28. [Google Scholar]
  16. Bradley, Tamsin, Avijit Chakravarti, and Jane Rowan. 2013. What Happened When the Corporates Met the Artists of Rural West Bengal? A Critical Analysis into Art as Social Enterprise in India. Journal of South Asian Development8: 85–104. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  17. Brown, Peter, Mazhar Anwar, Shakhawat Hossain, Rashadul Islam, Nur-E.-Alam Siddquie, Mamunur Rashid, Ram Datt, Ranvir Kumar, Sanjay Kumar, Kausik Pradhan, and et al. 2021. Application of innovation platforms to catalyse adoption of conservation agriculture practices in South Asia. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability10: 1–24. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  18. Cahn, Miranda. 2008. Indigenous entrepreneurship, culture and micro-enterprise in the Pacific Islands: Case studies from Samoa. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development20: 1–18. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  19. Cano, Jose Alejandro, and Abraham Londoño-Pineda. 2020. Scientific Literature Analysis on Sustainability with the Implication of Open Innovation. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity6: 162. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  20. Cano, Jose Alejandro, and Alexander Tabares. 2017. Determinants of university students ’ entrepreneurial intention: GUESSS Colombia study. Espacios38: 22. [Google Scholar]
  21. Cederholm Björklund, Jennie. 2020. Value Creation for Sustainable Rural Development Perspectives of Entrepreneurship in Agriculture. (Issue 68). Halmstad: Halmstad University. [Google Scholar]
  22. Chakravarty, Amit, Anthony Whitbread, Pooran Gaur, Aravazhi Selvaraj, Saikat Datta Mazumdar, Jonathan Philroy, Priyanka Durgalla, Harshvardhan Mane, and Kiran Sharma. 2021. Benefitting Smallholder Farmers in Africa: Role of ICRISAT. In India–Africa Partnerships for Food Security and Capacity Building. International Political Economy Series. Edited by Renu Modi and Meera Venkatachalam. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 73–93. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  23. Chambers, Robert, and Gordon R. Conway. 1992. Sustainable Rural Livelihoods: Practical Concepts for the 21st Century. IDS Discussion Paper 296. Available online: https://www.ids.ac.uk/publications/sustainable-rural-livelihoods-practical-concepts-for-the-21st-century/(accessed on 7 April 2022).
  24. Chidanand, Fabien, L. M. Frey, and Gyanendra Singh. 2021. Village development framework through self-help-group entrepreneurship, microcredit, and anchor customers in solar microgrids for cooperative sustainable rural societies. Journal of Rural Studies88: 432–40. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  25. Chipfupa, Unity, and Edilegnaw Wale. 2018. Farmer typology formulation accounting for psychological capital: Implications for on-farm entrepreneurial development. Development in Practice28: 600–14. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  26. Chirambo, Dumisani. 2019. The Roles of ICT and Social Innovation in Enhancing Forestry Governance and Forestry Entrepreneurship in Sub-Saharan Africa. In Advances in Environmental Research. Edited by J. A. Daniels. New York: Nova Science Publishers, Inc., vol. 68, pp. 103–29. [Google Scholar]
  27. Choudhury, Smritishikha, and Nripendra Narayan Sarma. 2020. Value Chain Interventions Imperatives for Livelihood Development. Pacific Business Review International13: 121–26. [Google Scholar]
  28. Chowdhury, Abhiroop, Alliya Naz, and Subodh Kumar Maiti. 2017. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Health risk assessment of ‘tiger prawn seed’ collectors exposed to heavy metal pollution in the conserved mangrove forest of Indian Sundarbans: A socio-environmental perspective. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment23: 203–24. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  29. Cohen, François, Cameron J. Hepburn, and Alexander Teytelboym. 2019. Is Natural Capital Really Substitutable? Annual Review of Environment and Resources44: 425–48. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  30. de Guzman, Maria Rosario T., Surin Kim, Sarah Taylor, and Irene Padasas. 2020. Rural communities as a context for entrepreneurship: Exploring perceptions of youth and business owners. Journal of Rural Studies80: 45–52. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  31. Debnath, Ramit, and Ronita Bardhan. 2018. Resource Symbiosis Model through bricolage: A livelihood generation assessment of an Indian village. Journal of Rural Studies60: 105–21. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  32. Deka, Nabajyoti, Kishor Goswami, and Kumar Anurupam. 2021. What will drive the small tea growers towards environment-friendly cultivation? Implications from the tea sector in Assam, India. Climate and Development10: 1–16. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  33. Deng, Qingqing, Erling Li, and Pengyan Zhang. 2020. Livelihood sustainability and dynamic mechanisms of rural households out of poverty: An empirical analysis of Hua County, Henan Province, China. Habitat International99: 102160. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  34. Deng, Xiangzheng, and Xuemei Bai. 2014. Sustainable urbanization in Western China. Environment56: 12–24. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  35. Díaz, David Gortaire, Migdalia Díaz Chong, and Enrique Diaz Chong. 2019. Effect of rural entrepreneurship and innovation adoption in the reduction of inequalities. Journal of Science and Research4: 268–90. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  36. Dixit, Krishna, and Debashish Sakunia. 2022. Start-up Village Entrepreneurship Programme: ‘From Local to Vocal’. Contemporary Voice of Dalit10: 1–14. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  37. Ekanem, Ignatius, Terence Jackson, and Ayebaniminyo Munasuonyo. 2021. The Effect of Militancy on Local and Informal Enterprises in Developing Countries: Evidence from Niger Delta. Journal of African Business22: 532–49. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  38. Ellis, Frank. 2000. Rural Livelihoods and Diversity in Developing Countries. Oxford: Oxford University Press. [Google Scholar]
  39. Escandón- Barbosa, Diana Marcela, David Urbano, Andrea Hurtado-Ayala, Jairo Salas Paramo, and Alvaro Zapata Dominguez. 2019. Formal institutions, informal institutions and entrepreneurial activity: A comparative relationship between rural and urban areas in Colombia. Journal of Urban Management8: 458–71. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  40. Falk, Thomas, Bernadette Bock, and Michael Kirk. 2009. Polycentrism and poverty: Experiences of rural water supply reform in Namibia. Water Alternatives2: 115–37. [Google Scholar]
  41. Figueroa-Domecq, Cristina, Anna de Jong, and Allan Morgan Williams. 2020. Gender, tourism & entrepreneurship: A critical review. Annals of Tourism Research84: 102980. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  42. Futemma, Célia, Fabio De Castro, and Eduardo Brondizio. 2020. Farmers and Social Innovations in Rural Development: Collaborative Arrangements in Eastern Brazilian Amazon. Land Use Policy99: 104999. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  43. Gangadhar, Bongurala. 2020. Involving Women in Farm Mechanisation for Improving Livelihoods of Farmers in Odisha. Journal of Rural Development39: 96–109. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  44. Hetherington, Erin, Matthijs Eggers, Joyce Wamoyi, Jennifer Hatfield, Mange Manyama, Susan Kutz, and Sheri Bastien. 2017. Participatory science and innovation for improved sanitation and hygiene: Process and outcome evaluation of project SHINE, a school-based intervention in Rural Tanzania. BMC Public Health17: 1–15. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
  45. Holden, Erling, Kristin Linnerud, David Banister, Valeria Schwanitz, and August Wierling. 2018. The Imperatives of Sustainable Development: Needs, Justice, Limits. London: Routledge. [Google Scholar]
  46. Hoyos-Estrada, Sherly, and Judith Daniela Sastoque-Gómez. 2020. Marketing Digital como oportunidad de digitalización de las PYMES en Colombia en tiempo del COVID-19. Revista Científica Anfibios3: 39–46. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  47. Humberg, Krestin, and Boris Braun. 2014. Social Business and Poverty Alleviation: Lessons from Grameen Danone and Grameen Veolia. In Social Business. Edited by Andrea Grove and Gary Berg. Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 201–23. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  48. Humphries, Shoana, Thomas Holmes, Dárlinson Fernandes Carvhalo de Andrade, David McGrath, and Jeremias Batista Dantas. 2020. Searching for win-win forest outcomes: Learning-by-doing, financial viability, and income growth for a community-based forest management cooperative in the Brazilian Amazon. World Development125: 104336. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  49. Huttunen, Suvi. 2012. Wood energy production, sustainable farming livelihood and multifunctionality in Finland. Journal of Rural Studies28: 549–58. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  50. Igwe, Paul Agu, Mahfuzur Rahman, Kenny Odunukan, and Nonso Ochinanwata. 2020. Drivers of diversification and pluriactivity among smallholder farmers evidence from Nigeria. Green Finance2: 263–83. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  51. Jaramillo-Gutierrez, Carlos Augusto, Abraham Allec Londoño-Pineda, and Óscar Alonso Vélez. 2021. Non-conventional anti-personnel landmines and sustainable livelihoods in Colombian rural areas. Dynamics of Asymmetric Conflict14: 247–58. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  52. Jokinen, Pekka, Marja Järvelä, Suvi Huttunen, and Antti Puupponen. 2008. Experiments in sustainable rural livelihood in Finland. International Journal of Agricultural Resources, Governance and Ecology7: 211–28. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  53. Joshi, Lalita, Deepak Choudhary, Praveen Kumar, Jayendran Venkateswaran, and Chetan Solanki. 2019. Does involvement of local community ensure sustained energy access? A critical review of a solar PV technology intervention in rural India. World Development122: 272–81. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  54. Kabir, Shajahan, Mirjana Radovic-Markovic, Radmila Grozdanic, Rahima Akther, and Goran Kvgic. 2012. The impact of capital mix on rural women entreprenuers: An evidence from Bangladesh. Metalurgia International17: 211–23. [Google Scholar]
  55. Kimbu, Albert Nsom, Irma Booyens, and Anke Winchenbach. 2022. Livelihood Diversification Through Tourism: Identity, Well-being, and Potential in Rural Coastal Communities. Tourism Review International26: 25–40. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  56. Kshetri, N. 2020. COVID-19 Meets Big Tech. Computer53: 10–13. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  57. Kumar, Harish, Bindhy Wasin Pandey, and Subhash Anand. 2019. Analyzing the Impacts of forest Ecosystem Services on Livelihood Security and Sustainability: A Case Study of Jim Corbett National Park in Uttarakhand. International Journal of Geoheritage and Parks7: 45–55. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  58. Kumar, Shubham, Tapas Kumar Giri, and Bidyut Jyoti Gogoi. 2020. Determinants of rural livelihood interventions: An ISM-MICMAC approach. Journal of Indian Business Research12: 343–62. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  59. Kumari, Gaitri, and Ebikinei Stanley Eguruze. 2022. Social Entrepreneurship Among Artisans. In Artisan and Handicraft Entrepreneurs. Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 161–82. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  60. Laeis, Gabriel, and Stefanie Lemke. 2016. Social entrepreneurship in tourism: Applying sustainable livelihoods approaches. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management28: 1076–93. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  61. Lang, Richard, and Matthias Fink. 2019. Rural social entrepreneurship: The role of social capital within and across institutional levels. Journal of Rural Studies70: 155–68. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
  62. Li, Yuheng, Hans Westlund, and Yansui Liu. 2019. Why some rural areas decline while some others not: An overview of rural evolution in the world. Journal of Rural Studies68: 135–43. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  63. Londoño, Abraham, and José Gabriel Cruz. 2019. Evaluation of sustainable development in the sub-regions of Antioquia (Colombia) using multi-criteria composite indices: A tool for prioritizing public investment at the subnational level. Environmental Development32: 100442. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  64. Londoño-Pineda, Abraham Allec, and Jose Alejandro Cano. 2022. Assessments under the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals: A Bibliometric Analysis. Environmental and Climate Technologies26: 166–81. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  65. Lusambili, Adelaide, Njeri Nyanja, Sophie Vusha Chabeda, Marleen Temmerman, Lucy Nyaga, Jerim Obure, and Anthony Ngugi. 2021. Community health volunteers challenges and preferred income generating activities for sustainability: A qualitative case study of rural Kilifi, Kenya. BMC Health Services Research21: 642. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  66. Mahale, Geeta, Rajashri Kotur, and Shameembanu Byadgi. 2011. Women empowerment Sustainable livelihood through income generating activities. Textile Trends54: 39–42. [Google Scholar]
  67. Mahesh, Vinyas, Venkata Ramana Rao, Kumar Kiran, and Shridar Condoor. 2020. Women Technology Parks: A novel solution for women entrepreneurship and empowerment through location specific technologies and waste material utilization. IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering872: 012018. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  68. Mbaiwa, Joseph Elizeri. 2004. The success and sustainability of community-based natural resource management in the okavango delta, botswana. South African Geographical Journal86: 44–53. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  69. Milán-García, Juan, Juan Uribe-Toril, José Luis Ruiz-Real, and Jaime de Pablo Valenciano. 2019. Sustainable Local Development: An Overview of the State of Knowledge. Resources8: 31. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
  70. Mishra, Oly. 2021. Principles of frugal innovation and its application by social entrepreneurs in times of adversity: An inductive single-case approach. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies13: 547–74. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  71. Mishra, Oly, Richa Sharma, and Bindu Agrawal. 2020. Facilitating Women Prosperity with Higher Purpose at Vyomini. South Asian Journal of Business and Management Cases9: 198–207. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  72. Molina-Maturano, Janet, Stijn Speelman, and Hans De Steur. 2020. Constraint-based innovations in agriculture and sustainable development: A scoping review. Journal of Cleaner Production246: 119001. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  73. Muhamad, Suriyani, Noraida Ali, Masita Masila Abdul Jalil, Mutafa Man, and Suhairi Kamarudin. 2017. A sustainable E-business model for rural women: A case study. Journal of Sustainability Science and Management12: 130–40. [Google Scholar]
  74. Nambiar, Ek Sadanandan. 2019. Re-imagining forestry and wood business: Pathways to rural development, poverty alleviation and climate change mitigation in the tropics. Forest Ecology and Management448: 160–73. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  75. Nandy, Paramesh, and Aminul Islam. 2010. Climate resilient coastal zone development in Bangladesh: Participatory governance for common resources management. In Management and Sustainable Development of Coastal Zone Environments. Edited by Allagapan Ramanathan, Prosun Bhattacharya, Thorsten Dittmar, Mathukumali Bala Krishna Prasad and Buddhi Raj Neupane. Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 58–72. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  76. Ningrum, Vanda. 2018. Does Engage Youth in Agriculture Support National Food Sovereignty?: Empirical Evidence from Indonesian Rural Area. In 32nd International Business Information Management Association Conference, IBIMA 2018 Vision 2020: Sustainable Economic Development and Application of Innovation Management from Regional Expansion to Global Growth. Edited by Khalid Soliman. King of Prussia: IBIMA, pp. 2115–22. [Google Scholar]
  77. Nwosu, Ijeoma Ikejiofor, Rita Oluchi Onoyima, Ignatius Ani Madu, and Victor Chukwunweike Nwokocha. 2019. The socioeconomic effects of small-scale women businesses in broom production and marketing industry: A panacea for sustainable development. Journal of Enterprising Communities13: 283–95. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  78. Nzama, Antonia. 2021. Tackling climate change through craft development: The case of rural women in uPhongolo Local Municipality. Jamba: Journal of Disaster Risk Studies13: a1140. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  79. Ojo, Elizabeth, Ismet Anitsal, and Mera Anitsal. 2015. Poverty among Nigerian women entrepreneurs: A call for diversification of sustainable livelihood in agricultural entrepreneurship. International Journal of Entrepreneurship19: 167–78. [Google Scholar]
  80. Oliveira, Hugo, and Gil Penha-Lopes. 2020. Permaculture in Portugal: Social-ecological inventory of a re-ruralizing grassroots movement. European Countryside12: 30–52. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  81. Oteng-Ababio, Martin, Agustine Tanle, Samuel Twumasi Amoah, Louis Kusi, Enoch Akwasi Kosoe, and Ernets Bagson. 2019. ‘Informal Exceptionalism?’ Labour Migrants’ Creative Entrepreneurship for Sustainable Livelihoods in Accra, Ghana. Journal of Asian and African Studies54: 88–103. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
  82. Otoijamun, Itohan, Moses Kigozi, Sikiru Ottan Abdulraman, Adelana Rasak Adetunji, and Asikiwe Peter Onwualu. 2021. Fostering the Sustainability of Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining (ASM) of Barite in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Sustainability13: 5917. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  83. Palmas, Karl, and Jonas Lindberg. 2013. Livelihoods or ecopreneurship? Agro-economic experiments in Hambantota, Sri Lanka. Journal of Enterprising Communities7: 125–35. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  84. Papzan, Abdolhami, Kiumars Zarafshani, Malekeh Tavakoli, and Mahya Papzan. 2008. Determining factors influencing rural entrepreneurs’ success: A case study of Mahidasht township in Kermanshah province of Iran. African Journal of Agricultural Research3: 597–600. [Google Scholar]
  85. Pato, Maria Lúcia, and Aurora Amélia Castro Teixeira. 2016. Twenty Years of Rural Entrepreneurship: A Bibliometric Survey. Sociologia Ruralis56: 3–28. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  86. Pato, María Lúcia, and Aurora Amélia Castro Teixera. 2018. Rural entrepreneurship: The tale of a rare event. Journal of Place Management and Development11: 46–59. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  87. Poon, Jessie, Diep Thai, and Deborah Naybor. 2012. Social capital and female entrepreneurship in rural regions: Evidence from Vietnam. Applied Geography35: 308–15. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  88. Rajendran, Jisha, and Kavita Indapurkar. 2020. Challenges in Tourism Entrepreneurship A Thematic Analysis. Test Engineering and Management82: 9240–45. [Google Scholar]
  89. Ramaano, Azwindini Isaac. 2021. Tourism development dilemmas in Musina Municipality: Evidence from the Big Tree Nature Reserve and neighboring entities, Vhembe district, South Africa. Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences, 1–19, ahead-of-print. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  90. Rebotier, Julien. 2012. Vulnerability conditions and risk representations in Latin-America: Framing the territorializing urban risk. Global Environmental Change22: 391–98. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  91. Remilien, Emmanuel, Manuel Sanchez-Hernandez, Hilario Hernández-Salgado, Roselina Servin-Juárez, and Ignacio Carranza-Cerda. 2018. Creation profiles of microenterprises in rural zones: The case of Santa Barbara Almoloya, Cholula, Puebla. Agricultura Sociedad y Desarrollo15: 29–45. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
  92. Robbins, Keith, and John Pearce. 1993. Entrepreneurial retrenchment among small manufacturing firms. Journal of Business Venturing8: 301–18. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  93. Samal, Prasanna K., Er. Mahendra S. Lodhi, Satish C. Arya, Rakesh C. Sundriyal, and Pitambar P. Dhyani. 2016. Eco-technologies for agricultural and rural livelihoods in North East India. Current Science111: 1929–35. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  94. Sati, Mahesh Chandra, and Rajendra Prasat Juyal. 2008. A gender approach to sustainable rural development of mountains: Women/s sucessess in agro-enterprises in the Indian Central Himalayan region. Mountain Research and Development28: 8–12. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  95. Schraeder, Brittany, Eva Bonta, Eric Obeysekare, and Khajan Mehta. 2015. Co-located community health and economic activity centers. Paper presented at 5th IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference, GHTC, Seattle, WA, USA, December 3; pp. 144–51. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  96. Scoones, Ian. 1998. Sustainable Rural Livelihoods: A Framework for Analysis. IDS Working Paper, Issue 72. Brighton: IDS. [Google Scholar]
  97. Serna, Ciro Alfonso, Miroslawa Czerny, Abraham Allec Pineda, and Oscar Alonso Vélez Rojas. 2015. Livelihood assessment in district 1 of Medellin Colombia. Miscellanea Geographica19: 9–20. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
  98. Shahraki, Hassan, and Ebrahim Heydari. 2019. Rethinking rural entrepreneurship in the era of globalization: Some observations from Iran. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research9: 1–26. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  99. Shaker, Richard Ross. 2015. The spatial distribution of development in Europe and its underlying sustainability correlations. Applied Geography63: 304–14. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  100. Shaw, Brian. 2017. The whole village project Saxon village restoration in rural Romania. In The Science and Practice of Landscape Stewardship. Edited by Claudia Bieling and Tobias Plieninger. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 164–66. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  101. Siegner, Meike, and Rajat Kozak. 2021. Community forest enterprises and social enterprises: The confluence of two streams of literatures for sustainable natural resource management. Social Enterprise Journal17: 584–603. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  102. Singh, Ramendra, Vaibhav Gupta, and Akash Mondal. 2012. Jugaad-From “Making Do” and “Quick Fix” to an Innovative, Sustainable and Low-Cost Survival Strategy at the Bottom of the Pyramid. International Journal of Rural Management8: 87–105. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  103. Smith, R.ichard. 2015. Ending poverty in Mongolia: From socialism to social development. International Journal of Social Welfare24: 159–69. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
  104. Stone, Lesego, Morn Stone, and Gya Nyaupane. 2021. The state of tourism and community development research and future directions. Tourism Review International25: 79–88. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  105. Sutter, Cristopher, Garry Bruton, and Juanyi Chen. 2019. Entrepreneurship as a solution to extreme poverty: A review and future research directions. Journal of Business Venturing34: 197–214. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  106. Tabares, Alexander. 2017. International entrepreneurship under an institutional regulative dimension: A cross-national study. Espacios38: 2. [Google Scholar]
  107. Tabares, Alexander, Yanto Chandra, Claudia Alvarez, and Manuela Escobar-Sierra. 2021. Opportunity-related behaviors in international entrepreneurship research: A multilevel analysis of antecedents, processes, and outcomes. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal17: 321–68. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  108. Terán, Eduardo, and Andrea Guerrero. 2020. Teorías de emprendimiento: Revisión crítica de la literatura y sugerencias para futuras investigaciones. Espacios41: 7. [Google Scholar]
  109. Wang, Hao, Jan Fidrmuc, Qi Luo, and Mingzhong Luo. 2020. Exploring the determinants of on-farm transitions: Evidence from rural China. Applied Economics52: 5667–86. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  110. Wang, Wenxiong, Yunaquin Lan, and Xu Wang. 2021. Impact of livelihood capital endowment on poverty alleviation of households under rural land consolidation. Land Use Policy109: 105608. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  111. Zhu, Ying, Hong Lan, David Ness, Ke Xing, Kris Schneider, Seung-Hee Lee, and Jing Ge. 2015. Transforming Rural Communities in China and Beyond: Community Entrepreneurship and Enterprises, Infrastructure Development and Investment Modes. Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

Articles Search

Search with Article name or description

Search with Author's name